C Syntax Reference Pdf

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C Syntax Reference Pdf Pdf

This reference explains the C++ programming language as implemented in the Microsoft C++ compiler. The organization is based on The Annotated C++ Reference Manual by Margaret Ellis and Bjarne Stroustrup and on the ANSI/ISO C++ International Standard (ISO/IEC FDIS 14882). Microsoft-specific implementations of C++ language features are included.

If you are familiar with the C language, you can take the first 3 parts of this tutorial as a review of concepts, since they mainly explain the C part of C++. There are slight differences in the C++ syntax for some C features, so I. Nov 03, 2016  C++ Language Reference.; 2 minutes to read. The organization is based on The Annotated C++ Reference Manual by Margaret Ellis and Bjarne Stroustrup and on the ANSI/ISO C++ International Standard (ISO/IEC FDIS 14882). Microsoft-specific implementations of C++ language features are included. Function definitions, initializations. C++ allows you to define how standard operators (+, -, *, etc.) work with classes that you write. For example, to use the operator + with your class, you would write a function named operator+ for your class. Example Prototype for a function that overloads +. C tries to make the best of a computer by linking as closely as possi-ble to the local environment. It is no longer necessary to have to put up with hopelessly inadequate input/output facilities anymore (a legacy of the. Fail, if it finds that it has a reference to a function which does not exist.

For an overview of Modern C++ programming practices, see Welcome Back to C++.

See the following tables to quickly find a keyword or operator:

In This Section

Lexical Conventions
Fundamental lexical elements of a C++ program: tokens, comments, operators, keywords, punctuators, literals. Also, file translation, operator precedence/associativity.

Basic Concepts
Scope, linkage, program startup and termination, storage classes, and types.

Standard Conversions
Type conversions between built-in, or 'fundamental,' types. Also, arithmetic conversions and conversions among pointer, reference, and pointer-to-member types.

Operators, Precedence and Associativity
The operators in C++.

Expressions
Types of expressions, semantics of expressions, reference topics on operators, casting and casting operators, run-time type information.

Lambda Expressions
A programming technique that implicitly defines a function object class and constructs a function object of that class type.

Statements
Expression, null, compound, selection, iteration, jump, and declaration statements.

Declarations and Definitions
Storage-class specifiers, function definitions, initializations, enumerations, class, struct, and union declarations, and typedef declarations. Also, inline functions, const keyword, namespaces.

Classes, Structures, and Unions
Introduction to classes, structures, and unions. Also, member functions, special member functions, data members, bit fields, this pointer, nested classes.

Derived Classes
Single and multiple inheritance, virtual functions, multiple base classes, abstract classes, scope rules. Also, the __super and __interface keywords.

Member-Access Control
Controlling access to class members: public, private, and protected keywords. Friend functions and classes.

Overloading
Overloaded operators, rules for operator overloading.

Syntax in c

Exception Handling
C++ exception handling, structured exception handling (SEH), keywords used in writing exception handling statements.

Assertion and User-Supplied Messages
#error directive, the static_assert keyword, the assert macro.

Templates
Template specifications, function templates, class templates, typename keyword, templates vs. macros, templates and smart pointers.

Event Handling
Declaring events and event handlers.

Microsoft-Specific Modifiers
Modifiers specific to Microsoft C++. Memory addressing, calling conventions, naked functions, extended storage-class attributes (__declspec), __w64.

Inline Assembler
Using assembly language and C++ in __asm blocks.

Compiler COM Support
A reference to Microsoft-specific classes and global functions used to support COM types.

Microsoft Extensions
Microsoft extensions to C++.

Nonstandard Behavior
Information about nonstandard behavior of the Microsoft C++ compiler.

Welcome Back to C++
An overview of modern C++ programming practices for writing safe, correct and efficient programs.

Related Sections

Component Extensions for Runtime Platforms
Reference material on using the Microsoft C++ compiler to target .NET.

C/C++ Building Reference
Compiler options, linker options, and other build tools.

C/C++ Preprocessor Reference
Reference material on pragmas, preprocessor directives, predefined macros, and the preprocessor.

Reference

Visual C++ Libraries
A list of links to the reference start pages for the various Microsoft C++ libraries.

See also

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